Population Growth Causes Poverty :: Expository Cause Effect Essays

Everywhere in the world, in every kind of culture, the poorest people have the most children. Does having many children make people poor? Or does being poor make people have many children? That is a hot question in the continuous struggle over how to spend foreign aid money. Those who think population growth causes poverty advocate programs in family planning and population education. Those who think poverty causes population growth favor direct economic aid, jobs, capital investment. Take care of development, they say, and the birth rate will take care of itself. Advocates of both sides have come to the village of Manupur in the province of Punjab in north India to prove themselves right. There is nothing special about Manupur. It is a typical Indian village, with a population in 1950 of about 1200, mostly farmers. Its people are not well off, though their lives are slowly improving. New seeds, fertilizers, and credit systems have caused wheat yields to quadruple since 1950. In 1953 a team from the Harvard School of Public Health came to Manupur to try out one of the world's first family planning programs. They visited all homes regularly, took a census, registered all births and deaths. They also instructed people about modern methods of birth control and handed out free contraceptives. The Harvard team expected that the birth rate would fall. The Punjabis were rural, poor and uneducated. They had an average of seven children per family. Many young people migrated to the city to find jobs; the ones who stayed inherited smaller and smaller plots of land. Surely if families knew how to prevent having so many children, they would have fewer. The people of Manupur politely accepted the contraceptive foams and jellies. At the beginning of the Harvard study their birth rate was about 40 babies per 1000 people per year. Six years later the birth rate had gone down a little, to 37.7. But the birth rate had also gone down all over the Punjab, even where there were no family planning programs. The Harvard researchers concluded that the villagers were not so ignorant after all. Family size had always been controlled with crude methods such as abstinence and self-induced abortion. Increasing prosperity caused people to want smaller families, because there was less need for children to work in the fields or support parents in their old age. Once that happened, birth rates went down. Modern contraceptives helped them go down more easily and quickly.

Big Bang Theory Development Essay

The Theory of the Big Bang started from observations and scientific facts. The Big Bang theory states that after the â€Å"Big Bang† the universe expanded from its original pea-sized origin to astronomical proportions, and the expansion of the universe still continues today but at a much slower rate. In the twentieth century many scientific developments were made by scientists that contributed to the creation of the Big Bang Theory. In 1910 Vesto Slipher was the first person to observe shifts in spectral lines in galaxies. What he had discovered was the galactic redshifts. A galactic redshift is a displacement of spectral lines toward longer wavelengths. What Slipher specifically observed was that the spectral lines of many nebulas exhibited a red shift that indicated motion away from planet earth. Around 1912 Carl Wilhelm Wirtz like Vesto Slipher observed a systematic redshift of nebulae. While observing the redshift he came to the conclusion that relative to the present location of the solar system the spiral nebulae is moving away from the solar system. He later discovered that it is moving away from the solar system at 656 kilometers per second. This provided observational evidence that the universe was expanding. In 1916 Albert Einstein published his Theory of General relativity. The General relativity Theory states that gravitation arises from the curvature of space and time. It also said that the universe was either contracting or expanding. Today the theory is used to describe gravitation in physics. Einstein’s theory was influential to the development of the Big Bang theory because it created the cosmological constant. Alexander Friedmann used Einstein’s theory in order to come up with his own findings. He applied general relativity to cosmology without using the cosmological constant. He found solutions to field equations that created the preliminary work of the Big Bang Theory. His solutions created the Friedmann-Lemaà ®tre-Robertson-Walker Universe. Friedmann’s work was crucial to the advancement of the Big Bang Theory because his work showed that it is possibility of a changing universe. Georges Lemaà ®tre stated that the universe began with an explosion of a primeval atom in 1927. This idea was later called the Big Bang. Lemaà ®tre used the Friedmann-Lemaà ®tre-Robertson-Walker Universe and Einstein’s General Relativity as a base to his hypothesis. With his hypothesis he created a model of the universe to observe the shifts in the Spiral Nebulae. With this model he was able to prove that the universe was in fact expanding. Edwin Hubble discovered that other galaxies exist other than the Milky Way Galaxy. With this discovery it made the possibility of a â€Å"Bang† more plausible. In 1929 Edwin Hubble published â€Å"Hubble’s Law†. This law states that the recession velocity of a distant extragalactic object is directly proportional to its distance. His observation concluded that the universe was once compacted matter. His law led to the creation of the Big Bang Model. All of these scientists contributed to the creation to the Big Bang theory, as we know it is to be today. Many of these scientists used each other’s work I order to advance or explain their own observations or findings. Even though these scientists were eventually able to explain the process of the Big Bang they were not successful in clarifying why the Big Bang occurred.

Marijuana Use An Ethical Examination Essay - 1849 Words

Works Cited Missing Instead of addressing the tiresome argument about whether or not marijuana should be legalized in the United States, I would like to examine a much more fundamental question: whether or not it is right to use the drug. This problem is strictly an ethical one. If we are to examine only the moral implications of the action then we must discard governmental laws from the equation, for this decision could be made anywhere, at any time, under any sort of governmental regime, under any set of laws, which after all are only that particular government’s best guess at morality and who’s to say their judgment is any better than yours? Knowing that this decision is a rather daunting one, I’ve enlisted the help of three†¦show more content†¦Aristotle says in his first sentence concerning the goal of men, â€Å"Every expertise and method of investigation, and likewise every action and choice, seem to aim at some good; hence the good ha s been well described as that at which all things aim† (Bostock 8). Where all of this comes into play concerning our situation is when we begin to wonder how it is we achieve this eudaimonia. Will using marijuana help or hinder our quest for eudaimonia? Aristotle’s answer to this is clear, but precisely what the answer means is unclear. His answer is that we should act in accordance with what he calls the mean, or the golden mean. In each situation in which we are called on to make practical decisions, like the one at hand, we can distinguish two extremes and a mean between them. We must hit the mean to act virtuously (Holmes 41). For example, if you eat too much, that is an extreme, while if you eat too little that is the other extreme. Eating the right amount would be the mean. For our particular situation, the two extremes would be abstaining from marijuana and smoking a lot. Aristotle addresses the role of â€Å"bodily pleasures† in life, under which marijuana would certainly fall. Aristotle says, â€Å"the bodily pleasures of food and drink and sex are good only ‘up to a point’. For this kind of pleasure can be indulged to excess, and this is the mark of a bad man† (Bostock 145). It should be noted that the mean is oftenShow MoreRelatedâ€Å"When Your Conscience Says Law Is Immoral, DonT Follow1038 Words   |  5 Pagesdeeply with the proponents of legalizing marijuana use, despite it originally referring to assisted suicide. The legalization of marijuana use had become one of the biggest hot button issues of the last decade, and is being fiercely debated across the United States. First made illegal in 1970 with the passing of the Controlled Substances Act, which declared it an addictive drug with no medical value, many are now fighting against this law, citing medicinal uses and an apparent lack of fierce addictivenessRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Used For Recreational And Medical Use1063 Words   |  5 Pagessay give in. In recent decades â€Å"cannabis† or marijuana legalization has been a recent topic of interest in the U.S. government and the minds of the common people. Marijuana and its first implementation into society have gone far back even before the times of Christ. It was first used for soothing pain and also for construction of paper, rope, and canvas. However, recent controversy on whether the drug should be used for recreational and medical use is widely argued over. â€Å"Weed† has a chemical calledRead MorePredictive Policing And Its Effect On The Sphere Of Power Controlling1525 Words   |  7 Pagesmajority of people to law. 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